![]() In this pathway, cysteine is first oxidized to its sulfinic acid, catalyzed by the enzyme cysteine dioxygenase. Mammalian taurine synthesis occurs in the pancreas via the cysteine sulfinic acid pathway. Taurine is naturally derived from cysteine. In the laboratory, taurine can be produced by alkylation of ammonia with bromoethanesulfonate salts. Most of these enterprises employ the ethanolamine method to produce a total annual production of about 3,000 tonnes. As of 2010, China alone has more than 40 manufacturers of taurine. In 1993, about 5,000–6,000 tonnes of taurine were produced for commercial purposes: 50% for pet food and 50% in pharmaceutical applications. ![]() A direct approach involves the reaction of aziridine with sulfurous acid. Synthetic taurine is obtained by the ammonolysis of isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid), which in turn is obtained from the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous sodium bisulfite. The sulfonic acid has a low p K a ensuring that it is fully ionized to the sulfonate at the pHs found in the intestinal tract. Taurine exists as a zwitterion H 3N +CH 2CH 2SO − 3, as verified by X-ray crystallography. It is an unusual example of a naturally occurring sulfonic acid.Ĭhemical and biochemical features Taurine concentrations in land plants are very low or undetectable, but up to 1000 nmol/g wet weight have been found in algae. It is essential for cardiovascular function, and development and function of skeletal muscle, the retina, and the central nervous system. It has many biological roles, such as conjugation of bile acids, antioxidation, osmoregulation, membrane stabilization, and modulation of calcium signaling. It was discovered in human bile in 1846 by Edmund Ronalds. It is named after Latin taurus ( cognate to Ancient Greek ταῦρος, taûros) meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. It's important to note that this study's results comes from tests conducted on animals.įurther trials are needed to confirm the same findings in humans.Taurine ( / ˈ t ɔː r iː n/), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic amino sulfonic acid that is widely-distributed in animal tissues. Of life within us that helps us live longer and healthier lives. ![]() This study suggests that taurine could be an elixir The study's leader, Vijay Yadav says these results are life-changing and might be the 'elixir of life' science has been searching for.įor the last 25 years, scientists have been trying to find factors that not only let us live longer, but also increase health span, the time we remain healthy in our old age. The study also shows that a lack of taurine is linked to a higher risk of some diseases like: Taurine supplement pills are also available, providing the nutrient without the caffeine, sweeteners, and other ingredients in energy drinks. The Columbia University study finds that a taurine supplement is often a common ingredient in energy drinks, including PRIME Energy, Red Bull, Monster Energy, Rockstar, NOS, Full Throttle, and AMP. It's a nutrient produced in the body and found in many foods. Image source: screengrab of PRIME Energy drinks from Prime websiteĪ study published by Columbia University on 8 June has found that a deficiency in the nutrient taurine may decrease ageing and extend healthy lifespans. ![]()
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